The clock speed of a CPU is the number of pulses sent out by the clock every second.
It is typically measured in gigahertz (GHz). 1GHz is 1 billion cycles per second. Most CPUs nowadays have clock speeds between 3 and 5 GHz.
If the clock speed is higher, the Fetch-Execute Cycle takes less time and therefore the CPU performs better.
CPU cores have their own CU, ALU and cache.
Most CPUs have multiple cores (usually between 8 and 16), meaning they can process multiple instructions in parallel. However, this is only useful if there are multiple tasks running on your computer.
Cache memory is very fast memory located within the CPU.
Having more cache memory reduces the time it takes for the CPU to retrieve data and instructions, therefore making the CPU perform better. However, cache is very expensive.
Roughly how many times more RAM than cache do you think a typical computer has?
A typical computer will have around 16GB of RAM, and around 100MB of cache overall. Note that 16GB is equal to 16000MB, so the answer is about 160 times more.